The founder of this school is the American psychologist John Broadus Watson of 1912 (1858-1878 J. B. Watson, ), It was influenced by the experiments of the Russian physiologist Pavlov (1849 Pavla,), winner of the 1904 Nobel Prize. The constructivist school criticized in its emphasis on the study of observable behavior indirectly using the introspection method, So I focused on studying only directly observable or virtual behavior, As a subject of study in psychology. This school was not interested in studying psychological functions, Or the so-called black box. Behavioral psychology emerged from this school, and behavioral medicine, It was from the constructivist school that empirical psychology emerged, or demo, And from the functional school emerged cognitive psychology, and psychometrics, As for the Freudian school, psychoanalytic science emerged, And from the intentional school emerged the psychology of motives and emotions, The Gestalt school emerged from Gestalt or cognitive psychology.