It is a persistent cognitive impairment caused by organic damage to the central nervous system (CNS), which can vary in severity, position, and the time of its appearance. Educational, developmental and social adaptation issues of children with intellectual disabilities are addressed through one of the branches of corrective education – the science of intellectual disabilities. A distinction must be made between intellectual disability and mental retardation, In the first case, cognitive impairment is the result of damage to the central nervous system and is characterized by continuous retardation in cognitive activity, While in the latter case, the delay in cognitive development may be due to various causes (damage or underdevelopment of the peripheral nervous system, physical weakness, pedagogical negligence, etc) and is temporary in nature.