They are deviations from speech standards accepted in a particular language environment, which partially or completely hinder speech communication and limit opportunities for social adaptation. These disorders can affect the phonetic (sound product) aspect of speech, its semantic aspect, vocabulary, grammatical structure, or a combination of different components of speech. Speech disorders vary greatly in their forms and severity. In modern Russian speech therapy, two classifications of speech disorders are used: clinical pedagogical and psycho-pedagogic. The pedagogical clinical classification divides all speech disorders into two main groups depending on the type of speech affected: oral speech disorders and written speech disorders. The psychoeducational classification classifies speech disorders into two groups: disorders of means of communication (vocal, general retardation in speech) and disorders of the use of means of communication (stuttering).