- August 25, 2024
Stuttering
It is a speech disorder characterized by disturbances in the rhythm regulation of speech, due to spasmodic conditions in the muscles of the speech system. Repetition of audible or memorized text, reading aloud, and other forms of reproductive expressive speech, which do not require independent creation, are less affected by stuttering. The main external symptoms of stuttering are cramps during the act of speaking. Convulsions can vary in form (delayed speech, frequency of speech, and mixed stuttering), according to local confinement (respiratory, vocal, speech, and mixed), and according to frequency. Tonic spasms are characterized by short or long convulsive muscle contractions – tone: “p-oplar”. Frequent cramps are characterized by less pronounced rhythmic tension and the repetition of the same spastic muscle movements – repetition: “po-po-poplar”. Stuttering often occurs in preschool age, when the child transitions to sophisticated and independent speech. The causative agent of stuttering may be associated with stress or injury to the nervous system (general overload and speech, children’s infections, fear, concussion, etc.), disrupting speech regulation mechanisms. However, these causes do not lead to stuttering. In all children and in all circumstances. Predisposition factors play an important role: acquired structural depletion of the nervous system, asthenic syndrome, autoimmune dysfunction etc., which reduces the stability of the child’s nervous system. Stuttering may be associated with neurosis (stuttering disease – neurologically conditioned), trauma, organic injuries of the central nervous system, etc. In some cases, stuttering is caused by active or passive imitation of incorrect speech by those around them.