A theory that describes the mechanism of movement organization and emphasizes the active role of the nervous system in the construction of movement, in contrast to the traditional reflex theory, which considered movement as a passive response of the organism to an external stimulus. It describes the hierarchy of levels and assumes that in order to build movements of varying complexity, movement is organized at different levels of the nervous system. Each level is responsible for a specific aspect of the organization of movement, from muscle tone to the formation of complex motor programs. Such a hierarchical model provides flexibility and adaptability of motor behavior. 5 levels A, B, C, D and E were identified. N.A. Bernstein’s ideas were used in neurosciences and formed the basis of the modern understanding of motor control; in robotics and describe the principles of hierarchical control and sensory correction, are actively used in the creation of autonomous systems; in sports rehabilitation, Bernstein’s ideas help to optimize training processes and restore motor functions.