a disorder of voice function, characterized by a violation of the quality, pitch, volume or tension of the voice, which makes it difficult to communicate verbally. It can be caused by anatomical changes in the vocal cords (for example, nodules, polyps), neurological diseases (such as Parkinson’s disease or vocal cord paralysis), inflammatory processes or functional disorders of voice formation. The main manifestations include hoarseness, breathing or strained voice, rapid fatigue of the vocal cords, and decreased range. Dysphonia can be temporary or chronic and requires evaluation by an otorhinolaryngologist; Treatment may include voice therapy, medication, or surgery depending on the cause.