A neurobehavioral disorder that occurs when the medial portions of the frontal lobes are damaged, especially the anterior cingulate gyrus. This area of the brain plays an important role in motivation, behavior initiation, attention, and emotional regulation. Lesions can be caused by stroke (more often in anterior cerebral artery involvement), tumors, traumatic brain injury, or neurodegenerative diseases. Symptoms include apathy, lack of spontaneous speech or movement (abulia), decreased attention, and sometimes urinary incontinence or gait disturbance. In severe cases, akinetic mutism may develop. Treatment aims to address the underlying cause and apply behavioral, medication, and rehabilitation techniques to increase motivation and functional capacity.