Employees’ perceptions of fairness and equity in various aspects of work in the organization, including the distribution of rewards, performance appraisals, decision-making, and the provision of opportunities for learning and promotion. The theory emphasizes that a sense of fairness increases job satisfaction, dedication to the organization, and self-motivation of employees. Moreover, inequity can lead to lower productivity, increased conflict, and decreased organizational loyalty, making organizational justice a key factor in managing employee behavior in organizations.