key aspects of the classic example of neuropsychological diagnostics:
1) Qualitative analysis. Diagnosis focuses on understanding the nature of errors and behaviors, rather than relying solely on numerical or standardized metrics. Error analysis helps to identify dysfunctional mechanisms of cognitive processing: errors in goal-setting, organization, or impulse control – providing a deeper understanding of the source of neuropsychological dysfunction.
2) Functional structure of higher mental functions. Luria believes that higher mental functions are not separate functions, but a functional system consisting of the interaction of many functions. For example, planning or problem-solving depends on coordination: attention, memory, self-control, and cognitive flexibility, rather than on one independent function.
3) The principle of functional components. The theory assumes that each higher function consists of processes of several levels: primary, intermediate and higher. Proper diagnosis distinguishes between disturbances in basic mental functions (such as attention) and problems in higher mental functions (such as planning and organization), allowing for adequate intervention at the level of each functional component.
4) The principle of neurocompensation. Luria argues that the brain is able to restore impaired psychological functions in alternative ways. This principle confirms the possibility of early therapeutic intervention that allows the formation of alternative neural networks to compensate for deficits in executive or cognitive functions.
5) Guidelines for correctional and developmental intervention. Diagnosis is part of a comprehensive treatment plan that should directly guide the development of individual correctional or developmental programs aimed at strengthening weakened psychological functions, strengthening strengths, and achieving integration between different neural systems. This principle makes diagnosis an active and practically useful process, and not just an assessment or description of the current situation.