a dynamic process in which physiological changes are gradually intertwined with psychological and social formations. In the first years of life, a child’s brain reaches a peak of neuroplasticity, which allows for the rapid formation of new neural connections in response to environmental stimuli. This stage is characterized by the formation of an increasing number of neural connections between the cerebral cortex – the center of higher mental functions – and the subcortical structures responsible for motivation, emotions and simpler mental functions. This prepares the ground for the child’s transition from reflex behavior to more organized and complex behavioral patterns. As the nervous system develops, the basic higher mental functions – perception, attention, and memory – gradually become more complex, becoming more differentiated and organized. Speech plays a key role in all these stages. It serves not only as a means of communication, but also as an internal tool for organizing thinking and controlling behavior, contributing to the formation of executive functions and the child’s ability to plan and control his behavior. In this sense, neuropsychological development is not reduced to the biological maturation of brain structures, but is a complex process in which neural factors interact with social and cultural ones, forming personality, as well as cognitive and emotional-psychological functions in a complex and gradual way.