any illegal activity carried out using modern technological means, such as the Internet, computers or other electronic devices. These crimes cover a wide range of illegal activities committed through digital networks, such as hacking, data theft, penetration of electronic systems, online financial fraud, cyber threats, distribution of viruses and malware, and phishing. They also include crimes that infringe intellectual property rights, such as stealing software or protected digital content. Cybercrime poses a threat to both individuals and organizations because it can result in significant financial losses, compromise privacy, and harm national security. These crimes are often complex and multifaceted, making it difficult to trace the perpetrators and even solve the crime itself.