analytical basis for understanding the neuropsychological trajectory of child development within the framework of a complex interaction of biological, cultural and social factors. He suggests that genetic influence is most significant in the early stages of life, where it forms the structural basis of development. However, with age, it gradually weakens, giving way to environmental, social and cultural factors, which are becoming increasingly important in determining the course of development and the formation of cognitive, emotional and behavioral skills. This approach does not simply explain development from one point of view; It also establishes a precise classification of neurodevelopmental disorders, distinguishing: developmental delay as a complex structural deficit; developmental delay, which refers to a temporary delay in the acquisition of skills; disorder as a specific functional disorder; loss associated with the loss of a previously acquired function; deviation as an abnormal progress of development; and, finally, disharmonious development, characterized by an imbalance between different areas of development. Particular importance is attached to the concept of heterochronic development, reflecting the fact that the paths of development do not run in parallel, but are largely influenced by environmental, educational and cultural factors, which can accelerate the development of some functions and delay others, making development a dynamic, constantly changing process, rather than linear and uniform.