an educational philosophy based on the active participation of students in the formation of knowledge, and not on its passive acquisition. This model encompasses a wide range of strategies, such as collaboration, brainstorming, case studies, simulations, and hands-on experiments, that encourage students to think critically, solve problems, and actively absorb the course material. This model is based on the principles of constructivist psychology, where the student is seen as an active participant in forming their own understanding through trial and error and social interaction. Active learning fosters 21st-century skills such as creativity, communication, and teamwork, strengthens intrinsic motivation to learn, and promotes long-term information retention.