a comprehensive analytical concept focusing on the diversity of trajectories of children’s neuropsychological development. It encompasses not only disorders or deficits, but also gifted and exceptional abilities, which may manifest themselves in the cognitive, motor, linguistic, or social spheres. This concept emphasizes that a variety of biological, neurological, and environmental factors can influence developmental trajectory, such as autism spectrum disorders, stuttering, sensory impairments such as blindness or deafness, cerebral palsy, and special circumstances specific to immigrant and multilingual children. In this way, the child is seen as a whole in which genetic factors interact with cultural and social factors to form a unique pattern of development that may be characterized by some delays or difficulties, as well as demonstrate exceptional abilities that require recognition and development. This concept also provides insight into how the brain and higher mental functions adapt to these atypical states, emphasizing neuroplasticity and the ability to compensate or adapt, providing a framework for the development of educational and remedial programs that take into account individual differences and support children’s exceptional potential.