A term that is used to describe a type of dementia that predominantly affects the basic or “axial” aspects of cognitive functions, such as executive functions, attention, and memory. Characterized by significant deficits in the ability to plan, organize, and manage information, as well as impaired decision-making and problem-solving, the condition can affect both cortical and subcortical areas of the brain and is often associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as frontotemporal dementia (PTD) or dementia in Parkinson’s disease. Unlike other forms of dementia, which may more explicitly affect language or spatial abilities, axial dementia primarily affects the central cognitive processes that support higher forms of thinking.