a system of measures aimed at integrating an individual into the world of work; a complex of scientifically grounded psychological, pedagogical, and medical measures aimed at optimizing employment in accordance with a person’s desires, inclinations, and developed abilities, taking into account societal needs. It includes vocational education and information about the world of professions; vocational upbringing and the development of professionally important personal qualities (work capacity, responsibility); and vocational counseling (career counseling).