a clash of interests, values or resources between groups, reinforced by social identity and competition. The key factors are limited resources (power, territory, economic benefits), ideological or cultural differences, as well as historical memory of past contradictions. Conflict is exacerbated when groups perceive each other as a threat to their identity, security, or status. The following causes of conflicts are distinguished:
1) Conflict of interest: competition for material or symbolic resources, such as money, power or social status;
2) Cultural or value differences: differences in beliefs, norms, or approaches to dealing with situations;
(3) Discrimination and prejudice: bias against the interests of one group or discrimination in treatment;
4) Poor communication or complete lack of interaction: the lack of open dialogue and mutual understanding increases the likelihood of conflict escalation;
5) Organizational or social structure: the division of a society or organization in a way that promotes competition or division between groups.