A group of children whose cognitive and mental development is stunted or incomplete compared to the normal development of their peers. This delay manifests itself as a marked decline in basic mental abilities, such as comprehension, problem-solving, logical and abstract thinking, as well as the ability to acquire and apply new educational and cognitive skills. This deficit is not limited to academic achievement; It also affects various aspects of their daily lives, including difficulties with social adjustment, lack of independence, and limited effective interaction with the environment. From the point of view of education and psychology, such children require special, carefully designed educational programs that take into account the peculiarities of their development. These programs include simplification and modification of curricula, an emphasis on applied and hands-on learning, and the development of adaptive skills and independence. Early intervention is also a key factor in helping them improve their academic performance and close the gap with their peers through the development of higher psychological functions such as attention, memory and the ability to self-regulate. From this perspective, understanding this group requires a comprehensive vision that takes into account the biological, cognitive and emotional aspects of mental retardation, ensuring that appropriate support is provided for the better integration of children into the educational and social environment.