the desire of children, especially of preschool and primary school age, to do something contrary to the instructions of adults. It is often accompanied by crying or screaming. Favorable conditions for the appearance of whims are fatigue, weakness of the nervous system, and increased emotional excitability. Whims can arise in response to too indulgent actions of adults, to their contradictory demands, to the use of too strict measures. Whims may indicate frustration of the child’s needs (in love, attention, autonomy) or emotional trauma.