A cognitive state in which a learner has a high degree of confidence in the validity of their educational knowledge and beliefs and is confident in their knowledge based on previous experience, evidence or personal reasoning. Cognitive confidence is an important factor in the decision-making process because it influences a student’s reaction to new information, their receptivity to rethink their ideas, and their willingness to learn complex concepts. It is closely related to the concepts of metacognition and self-control in learning, as a learner with appropriate cognitive confidence is more capable of self-regulation and effective planning.