a concept developed by psychiatrist-psychotherapist Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s. Describes the cognitive distortions inherent in many patients with depressive symptoms and aggravating the course of depression. The triad includes three components:
1) negative self-image: negative thoughts about oneself and negative self-esteem cause feelings of worthlessness, inadequacy and incompetence, which leads to people exaggerating their shortcomings and failures, ignoring positive qualities and achievements;
2) a negative view of the world: leads to the fact that the world is perceived as unfair, unforgiving and devoid of any opportunities. Such thinking generates alienation from the world, a person has no place or purpose in the world, there is a feeling that the world cannot help, and the people around are also bad, which means they will not help;
3) a negative view of the future: difficulties in the present are generalized and transferred to endless difficulties in the future. An attitude is formed that everything will be bad in the future, accordingly, all attempts to improve their situation are perceived as futile and useless. These three components of negative thinking intertwine and reinforce each other to form a downward spiral.