Cognitive theories arose as a reaction to the limitations of behavioral theories, as they criticized their neglect of the role of internal psychology functions in learning. These theories focus on understanding how the brain receives, processes, stores, and retrieves information. They see the betrothed not as a passive recipient but as an active participant who shapes understanding and interprets the experience. The most important principles are:
1) Learning occurs through reflection, understanding and comprehension.
2) Memory plays a key role in storing and retrieving information. Attention, repetition, organization and classification are factors that affect the success of learning.