The socio-psychological process by which political groups, communities, or various social groups form a common mental view of the nature of the threats they face, whether internal, such as civil unrest and conflict, or external, such as foreign interference and security threats. This perception is not formed purely objectively; rather, it is influenced by historical factors, previous experiences, cultural beliefs, ideological positions, and the influence of the media and propaganda. This collective perception of the threat determines the reaction of society: it can lead to an increase or decrease in trust in the government, the adoption of tougher defense and security policies, or it can push for mobilization and collective action, or, conversely, to political detachment and isolation. Collective perception of threat is thus a key element in the dynamics of political behaviour, as it guides societal attitudes and changes patterns of identity and collective belonging.