a short-term, violently proceeding state of strong emotional arousal that arises as a result of frustration or some other cause that strongly affects the psyche, usually associated with dissatisfaction of basic human needs. The Soviet psychologist and philosopher S. Rubinstein in the work Fundamentals of Psychology wrote that action in a state of affect (affective action) as if breaks out from a person, but is not regulated by them. Various emotional переживания of fear, anger, joy can take such a form. This is a normal mental phenomenon, unless affect acquires the sign of pathological affect (studied in psychiatry). In works on legal psychology, in order not to mix these concepts, a clarification is sometimes introduced — “physiological” affect, emphasizing that its basis is constituted by physiological, neurodynamic processes. In the norms of law, physiological affect is also meant, which should be distinguished from pathological — painful neuropsychic overexcitation associated with complete clouding of consciousness and paralysis of the will.