Cultural tools (language, signs, symbols, writing, numbers) are not just educational tools, but also the most important tools for the development of children’s thinking and higher mental functions. These tools serve as a link between the child’s innate ability to learn and the social and cultural environment around him, allowing him to organize his thinking, direct attention and develop problem-solving skills. The more diverse and rich the cultural tools a child has, the deeper and more flexible his neuropsychological development becomes, as his abilities for learning, planning and social adaptation become more developed. However, the lack of these tools leads to cognitive gaps and limited opportunities for the balanced development of higher mental functions, which emphasizes the importance of the cultural environment as a decisive factor in the formation of the neuropsychological development of the child from an early age.