a concept based on the theory of evolution and natural selection expounded by Charles Darwin (1859) in his book The Origin of Species. This view suggests that living organisms, including humans, are constantly struggling to survive, competing for limited resources such as food, shelter, water, and energy, as well as for opportunities to reproduce and pass on genes to future generations. In the social and human context, this concept translates into the idea that conflictual behavior between individuals, groups, and nations is not simply a transient aberration, but rather a natural continuation of the evolutionary instinct.