style of discourse, as well as political and social practice, based on attracting and mobilizing the masses by arousing emotions and passions, rather than by presenting rational arguments or realistic plans. Demagoguery relies on dramatic rhetoric, exaggeration, the manipulation of public fears and hopes, and the use of simplistic symbols and slogans to gain support and influence, even at the expense of truth or the public interest. In the modern era, demagoguery has become associated with authoritarian or populist regimes, where it is used to persuade people to adopt extreme or unjust policies, presenting the leader as “close to the people” and “savior” and opponents as traitors or threats. Demagoguery is dangerous because it undermines rational discourse and democratic dialogue, as well as contributes to the polarization and division of society, also contributes to the creation of a climate conducive to the spread of disinformation and conspiracy theories, and makes audiences more receptive to charismatic leaders who exploit their psychological and social needs.
Characteristics of demagoguery:
1) Reliance on emotions instead of reason – the use of fear, anger, pride or hope instead of logical analysis.
2) Simplistic and straightforward rhetoric – creating short, easily repeatable messages, such as slogans and chants.
3) Search for the culprit – blaming a certain group (minorities, immigrants, dissidents) for the problems.
4) Exaggerating the charisma of the leader – presenting him as “the only one who can save the nation”.
5) Denial of elites or institutions – criticism of the media, the judiciary or the political elite for being corrupt.
6) Information manipulation – the use of fake news or emotional manipulation to support one’s opinion.