cognitive disorder of speech function, expressed in difficulty in the selection of words or names when speaking, despite the preservation of speech understanding and articulation. It manifests itself in the form of frequent pauses, the use of filler words, or the replacement of the desired word with a word that is close in meaning. It is often observed in aphasia, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy (especially with damage to the temporal lobe), neurodegenerative diseases and after stroke. It is considered a subtype of amnestic aphasia (annomie) and is identified through naming tasks as part of a neuropsychological examination.