a psychological state characterized by a pronounced feeling of inner anxiety, dissatisfaction, irritability or emotional discomfort. Unlike sadness or depression, dysphoria can manifest as agitation, internal tension, or a vague feeling of heartache for no obvious reason. It is a non-specific symptom found in a variety of mental and neurological conditions, including mood disorders (depression, bipolar disorder), anxiety disorders, substance withdrawal syndrome, borderline personality disorder, and some neurodegenerative diseases. Dysphoria is also a key diagnostic criterion for gender dysphoria, associated with emotional distress due to a mismatch between the experienced gender identity and the assigned sex.