components of the phenomenon of psychological well-being that directly affect the occurrence and course of psychosomatic disorders:
1) Stress resistance – this ability is a person’s psychological stability and readiness to cope with psychological stress and difficult situations, which prevents the development of physical symptoms or chronic disorders. Reduced stress resistance leads to excessive activation of the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which contributes to symptoms such as headaches, abdominal pain and cardiovascular disease.2) Emotional intelligence – the ability to recognize emotions, express them appropriately and manage them effectively. Poor emotional intelligence leads to suppressed anxiety, anger, or sadness, which manifest themselves physically in the form of recurring and chronic psychosomatic symptoms.3) Optimism and hope – the ability of a person to maintain a positive view of the future, to foresee positive results and to be motivated to overcome obstacles. A lack of optimism or a sense of hopelessness is associated with increased physical symptoms and an overreaction to psychological stress. Pessimism and helplessness are also an important factor in the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or chronic headaches.4) A sense of control over life is the ability of a person to manage emerging situations and make decisions effectively. The absence of this feeling leads to feelings of helplessness and capitulation in the face of stressful situations, increasing the likelihood of developing adverse physical reactions.5) Meaning and purpose of life – the ability to find meaning or purpose in life events and experiences, thanks to which difficulties become part of the path of personal development. The lack of this component generates feelings of frustration and psychological emptiness, which contributes to the occurrence of psychosomatic symptoms.6) Social support and positive relationships – the ability to benefit from social support and build healthy, stable relationships. Lack of social support or isolation increases the severity of psychological distress and increases the likelihood of developing medically unexplained physical symptoms.