those components that characterize the prenatal development of the child:
1) Biological environment:
– The mother’s nutrition and the quality of her food, which is transmitted to the fetus through the placenta and is the main source of its development and growth.
– The mother’s overall health, including her immune system, vital functions, and hormones that directly affect fetal development.
– The placenta and amniotic fluid as a medium that protects the fetus, supplies it with oxygen and nutrients and removes waste.
2) Maternal Health:
– The mother must not have any chronic or infectious diseases that may affect the fetus (diabetes, hypertension, and infections).
– There should be no exposure to harmful substances such as unapproved medications, alcohol, smoking, drugs or radiation that can cause developmental abnormalities.
– Medical supervision during pregnancy and periodic examinations are necessary to ensure the safety of the fetus.
3) Psychological state of the mother:
– The psychological state of the mother during pregnancy directly affects the fetus as constant stress or depression can lead to the secretion of hormones such as cortisol, which crosses the placenta and affects the nervous system of the fetus.
“Conversely, psychological calm and a sense of security support the proper development of the fetus.
4) Socio-cultural environment:
– The family and social support that the mother receives during pregnancy.
– Beliefs and habits in nutrition or health that may affect the care of a pregnant woman and the health of her fetus.