the most important element of understanding the development of a child. Emotions are not just a background factor that accompanies growth, but a fundamental component of the formation and regulation of higher mental functions, such as attention, memory, thinking, and problem solving. For example, emotional motivation is necessary for the effective functioning of voluntary attention, since emotional stimulation contributes to the concentration of the child’s attention and the use of his cognitive abilities. Consequently, children growing up in an emotionally disadvantaged environment or deprived of emotional support may have learning or executive function disorders. This is due not only to brain disorders, but also to the lack of emotional support that prepares the brain for effective cognitive functioning. This concept reflects the fact that the neuropsychological development of a child is a complex process that encompasses neuronal, cognitive and emotional aspects, and that therapeutic and educational interventions should take into account the emotional aspects of the child, providing a safe environment, positive stimulation and building self-confidence. This supports cognitive abilities and promotes all-round and balanced development.