The main factors in the development of higher mental functions in children. Emotions provide children with the motivation they need to complete tasks and interact with their environment, as well as support learning, remembering, and decision-making. Speech, on the other hand, is a central tool for regulating behavior, thinking, and memory, and is a means by which children learn to plan their actions, express their needs, and understand the world around them. These two components work together, reflecting the interaction of the biological foundations of the brain and the socio-cultural environment in which the child grows up, forming the fundamental basis for the development of his higher mental functions.