deficits or dysfunctions in the set of higher psychological functions responsible for planning, organizing, problem-solving, decision-making, cognitive flexibility, and self-control. These functions are essential for coordinating everyday behaviors, adapting to new situations, managing time and multi-stage tasks, and regulating emotions. These disorders usually occur due to dysfunctions of the prefrontal cortex or related neural networks. In children, they can occur as a result of neurodevelopmental disorders, brain injuries, or genetic diseases, while in adults, they can occur as a result of acquired injuries or diseases. People with executive dysfunction may have difficulty maintaining attention, following complex instructions, prioritizing, controlling impulsive behavior, solving problems systematically, or adapting to environmental changes. The severity of these disorders lies in their impact on various aspects of daily life, including school or work performance, social relationships, and emotional behavior. Early diagnosis allows for the development of comprehensive therapeutic interventions, such as training planning and organization, impulse control exercises, problem-solving strategies, and cognitive-behavioral training aimed at developing residual abilities and stimulating neuroplasticity. These interventions help people improve overall functioning, increase independence, and reduce the impact of impairment on daily life.