individual and collective factors associated with the personal experience of the perceiver, mass stereotypes and general cultural perceptions:
1) Early political socialization: political symbols and values that a person learns in the family and school.
2) Repetitive media exposure: The constant repetition of images or messages anchors political symbols in the subconscious.
3) Previous emotional experience: for example, crises or major national events that leave a lasting emotional impression.
4) Psychological structure of the personality: inclination to social conformism or the need for security.