developmental disorders that occur due to the effects of alcohol on the fetus during pregnancy. It is the most severe form of the spectrum of fetal alcohol disorders (FASD) and is characterized by a triad of signs: specific facial abnormalities (smooth nasolabial sulcus, thin upper lip, short eye slits), growth retardation, and dysfunction of the central nervous system. Manifestations can include intellectual disabilities, learning difficulties, behavioral problems, and poor motor coordination. The condition is irreversible, however, early care and supportive therapy can improve adaptation and quality of life.