Key points regarding the consideration of the child in a neuropsychological context. Understanding child development and higher mental functions requires considering the child as a dynamic, multidimensional entity in which neurological, psychological, social, and cultural factors interact, with the potential for applied therapeutic intervention. Fundamental aspects of child neuropsychology: 1) Neurological aspect (maturation of brain structures and neuroplasticity). A child’s development depends on the gradual maturation of the brain and neuroplasticity, which allows brain functions to adapt to educational and social experiences or compensate for any difficulties or trauma, making the brain a dynamic system capable of adapting and learning.
2) Psychological aspect (development of higher mental functions). The main attention is paid to the higher mental functions: attention, memory, thinking, control and goal-setting, which arise and develop as a result of the interaction of the child’s biological structures and mental activity and form the basis of his development.
3) Socio-cultural aspect (learning, speech and environment). It emphasizes the most important role of the child’s environment – family, school and cultural experience – in the formation of higher psychological functions. Speech, learning and activity contribute to the formation of higher psychological functions and guide the development of the child in a constant interactive cultural and social context.
4) Applied aspect (high-quality diagnostics and compensatory therapy). It focuses on the application of theoretical knowledge in diagnosis and treatment, the use of a qualitative assessment of higher mental functions and the development of educational and treatment programs that compensate for difficulties and develop strengths, taking into account the individual characteristics of each child and providing opportunities for continuous development and adaptation.