A concept proposed by psychologist Howard Gardner in 1983, which views intelligence not as a single basic intellectual ability, but as a set of cognitive abilities acting as independent systems, each responsible for different skills and abilities. According to Gardner, each person is characterized by a unique combination of more or less developed intellectual abilities. Initially, seven intelligences were described: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial-visual, musical, bodily-kinetic, interpersonal, and intrapersonal. Later, naturalistic and existential were added. Gardner’s theory has gained some popularity in teaching practice and career guidance, but it has many critics and opponents in the scientific community.