A 1998 model that focuses on the evolutionary aspect of psychological immunity, linking it to mechanisms that have evolved throughout human history to protect humans from internal and external threats. Gilbert argues that psychological immunity is based on three main systems of emotion regulation: the threat system, the drive system, and the calming system. When the threat system is dominant, people are more prone to anxiety, depression, and psychosomatic symptoms. However, when the three systems are balanced through the development of self-compassion and secure relationships, psychological immunity is greatly enhanced. The model emphasizes the importance of self-compassion and supportive social attachment as critical factors in strengthening psychological immunity, as the ability to calm oneself and regulate negative emotions is a fundamental mechanism for preventing the accumulation of stress and its transformation into physical symptoms or chronic disorders.