scientific theory, according to which positive emotional experiences arise when the real results of a person’s activities correspond to the plans. Negative emotions arise when there is a discrepancy (dissonance) between the expected and actual results of activity. Subjectively, the state of cognitive dissonance is usually experienced by a person as discomfort, and he seeks to get rid of it. The way out of the state of cognitive dissonance can be twofold: either to change cognitive expectations so that they correspond to the actual result obtained; or try to get a new result that would correspond to previous expectations (knowledge). Thus, the arising emotional states are considered as the main cause of the corresponding actions and deeds.