gaps or deficiencies in knowledge and skills that hinder the student’s educational progress and negatively affect their integration into the classroom. These gaps can be caused by a variety of reasons, such as a lack of understanding of basic concepts, poor development of higher-order thinking skills, inappropriate teaching methods, or undiagnosed learning difficulties. Addressing these gaps requires the use of accurate diagnostic tools, such as diagnostic tests and structured observation, to identify weaknesses and develop appropriate educational programs. Closing learning gaps is a priority for inclusive education as it allows for the creation of a fair and effective learning environment that allows each student to reach their full potential.