a form of acquired writing disorder in which the spelling of irregular words that do not obey the standard rules of sound-letter (phonemic-graphemic) transformation is disturbed. Patients tend to use a phonetic strategy, which leads to errors based on the sound of the word. The disorder is associated with damage to the lexical (orthographic) way of writing and is usually localized in the parietotemporal or occipitotemporal zone of the left hemisphere.