an intellectual and political strand that emphasizes the promotion of individual liberty, civil rights, political participation, and the rule of law. From a political psychology perspective, the study of liberalism aims to understand the psychological factors that motivate people to embrace these values, such as a sense of responsibility, critical thinking, and a belief in the importance of equality and justice. This study also helps explain the impact of these values on participatory behaviors, social interactions, and citizens’ responses to public policies. From the point of view of political psychology, liberalism is studied as a cognitive-behavioral orientation associated with individual and social values. Among the prominent authors who have studied this psychological and political orientation is Milton Rokeach, who has studied values and their influence on political views. Hibbing et al. (2014) analyzed the psychological differences between liberals and conservatives and their impact on political participation and behavior.