the cultural dimension in Hofstede’s concept, reflecting the degree to which society values planning for the future, patience, perseverance and thrift in achieving long-term goals. A society with a high long-term orientation is focused on future rewards, a practical attitude to change, risk reduction, savings and strategic thinking. Such cultures tend to achieve incremental results, invest in technology, and grow. Examples of cultures with a long-term orientation: Japan, China, Taiwan, Germany.