A theory based on the understanding of the brain as a dynamic, holistic whole, where higher mental functions are not distributed within one specific area, but arise as a result of the interaction of many neural systems, each of which contributes to the regulation of higher cognitive and behavioral psychological functions. This theory was formulated by Alexander R. Luria to create an improved model of the human brain that emphasizes that higher mental functions such as planning, organization, abstract thinking, and attention are not the result of the activity of a single brain region, but of the integration of many systems working in continuous harmony. Key concepts of Luria’s theory:
1) Localization. Although the brain functions as a single unit, there are specialized areas that perform specific functions, such as the frontal lobes, which are responsible for planning and organization, or the posterior cortex, which processes visual sensory information.
2) Systematization. Each higher function depends on the interaction of several brain regions. That is, high cognitive efficiency requires the coordination of the work of many neural systems, including activation blocks, blocks for receiving and processing information, as well as blocks for programming and regulating behavior.
3) Dynamism. The brain is not static, but works dynamically and interactively, with the contribution of each block and function changing depending on the nature of the task and environmental conditions, which allows for flexibility in working and adapting to new situations.