These disorders are a marked impairment in the child’s ability to retain and retrieve information, both short-term and long-term, resulting in difficulties in acquiring new knowledge and the necessary academic skills. It is difficult for the child to memorize instructions, newly received information or connect new information with existing knowledge, which interferes with the formation of cumulative knowledge and the continuity of learning. These disorders are often associated with delayed or dysfunctional areas of the brain responsible for memory (occipital gyrus, cingulate gyrus), as well as weak connections between these areas and other neural networks. This condition has far-reaching consequences for daily life, including the ability to participate in social life, adapt to the educational environment, and regulate behavior. It requires specialized educational and therapeutic interventions aimed at improving memory and developing effective learning strategies.