This category refers to direct dysfunction of the brain or nervous system: injury, developmental disorders, or genetic factors that affect the ability of the prefrontal cortex to regulate behavior and higher mental functions. Neurobiological causes include early damage to the brain, especially the prefrontal cortex, which is located in the frontal lobe and is responsible for planning, organizing activities, controlling impulses, and strategic thinking. Neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and cerebral palsy) also affect a child’s ability to coordinate various executive functions. In addition, genetic factors may play a role in prefrontal dysfunction, as research points to a link between certain genes and executive control functions, making people more susceptible to problems with attention, impulse control, or strategic planning.