neuronal death, accompanied by cognitive and motor impairment depending on the area of the brain in which neuronal loss occurs. The brain is particularly susceptible to changes associated with aging, leading to neurodegeneration and various neurodegenerative diseases. As for the mechanisms associated with neurodegeneration, it is important to distinguish neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and disruption of protein homeostasis. However, the specific mechanisms associated with each neurodegenerative disease are still unknown, leading to a lack of effective treatments, as well as genetic variations, traumatic damage, and oxidative stress. In general, there are several risk factors, such as aging, inflammation, toxic effects, and stress.