a group of disorders or differences in the neuropsychological development of children that affect higher cognitive, motor, linguistic, emotional and social functions caused by biological, neurological, genetic, environmental or cultural factors. These disorders encompass many overlapping areas, such as speech and communication difficulties (e.g., stuttering and poor speech comprehension), motor and coordination disorders, attention and memory deficits, emotional and behavioral regulation difficulties, and disproportionate development, in which some abilities may develop faster and others more slowly, resulting in uneven development. These disorders are considered from the point of view of the child as a whole. The disorder is not considered as an isolated state, but as part of an interacting psychological, neurological and social complex. This requires a thorough, multidimensional assessment and diagnosis, taking into account the child’s strengths and weaknesses, environment, and educational and social experiences. This understanding forms the basis for the development of individualized educational and therapeutic intervention programs aimed at supporting cognitive, motor and emotional development, increasing adaptability and learning, while leveraging brain plasticity and its ability to compensate for impaired functions and develop the child’s abilities in a balanced way.