A comprehensive framework for understanding how children develop and use language from a neuroscience perspective. It focuses on the relationship between the neural structure of the brain and various language abilities, such as understanding, expressing, reading, writing, and processing higher-order language. According to this theory, language is the product of a complex interaction between several brain regions, including the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, as well as areas associated with executive function and memory. Each part of the brain contributes to the maintenance of specific language skills, while the brain functions as an interconnected network to achieve the effective use of language in communication and thinking. The theory suggests that language development is not simply a matter of vocabulary or grammar acquisition, but rather a dynamic process involving the continuous interaction of a child’s neuronal, cognitive, and emotional functions. Neurodevelopment and cognitive functions such as attention, working memory, and executive planning affect language acquisition, comprehension, and effective use. The theory also emphasizes the importance of sensitive periods in language development, when neural structures are most prepared to perceive linguistic information and develop the skills of expression and understanding. This makes early stimulation and language experiences of the environment critical for healthy language development. In terms of diagnosis and intervention, neurolinguistic theory helps explain the causes of language difficulties, such as articulation disorders, comprehension difficulties, or lack of expressiveness, and guides therapeutic and educational programs to improve neural functions related to language. It also supports the development of step-by-step educational interventions aimed at developing complex language skills and improving communication and social interaction, taking into account the individual differences in each child’s abilities. Thus, the theory provides a framework for understanding language as a multi-layered phenomenon that integrates the brain, cognitive functions, emotions, and behavior, and emphasizes the importance of integrating neural structure and environmental experience to support language development and its effective use in everyday life and academic learning.